![]() The El Niño–Southern Oscillation is associated with seasonal abnormality in many areas in the world. Seasonal highs and lows can still be considerable. Consequently, Australia's winter is relatively mild, with less contrast between summer and winter temperatures than in the northern continents–though the transition is more dramatically marked in alpine regions of Australia and places of substantial elevation. Australia holds many heat-related records: the continent has the hottest extended region year-round, the areas with the hottest summer climate, and the highest sunshine duration.īecause Australia is a medium-sized continent, separated from polar regions by the Southern Ocean, it is not subject to movements of frigid polar air during winter, of the type that sweep over the continents in the northern hemisphere during their winter. The northern part of the country has a tropical climate, varying between grasslands and desert. Only the south-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate and moderately fertile soil. ![]() The largest part of Australia is desert or semi-arid. Australia has a wide variety of climates due to its large geographical size. ![]() The climate is variable, with frequent droughts lasting several seasons, thought to be caused in part by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. This moves north-west and north-east with the seasons. Australia's climate is governed mostly by its size and by the hot, sinking air of the subtropical high pressure belt (subtropical ridge or Australian High). ![]()
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